Development and Validation of an Educational Comic Book for Guidance on the Safe Use of Fluoride Toothpaste by Children

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the elaboration and content validation of a comic book for guidance on the safe use of fluoride toothpaste by children. Material and Methods: Study on the development of educational technology carried out in four phases: 1 - literature review and script; 2 - elaboration of the material (illustrations, layout and design), 3 - validation (Content Validity Index = CVI and Flesch Readability Index = FI), 4 - pilot test to legitimize the material with the target population. Thirty-one individuals participated in the validation, being 07 expert judges and 24 representatives of the lay population, responsible for the daily care of preschool and school-age children. Results: In the validation, CVI= 0.97 (97%), indicating high agreement of the judges' answers; and FI = 92%, which corresponds to "very easy to understand" reading. In the pilot test carried out with the lay population, the 3 assessment blocks had CVI=1.0 (100%). Conclusion: The comic book proved to be valid regarding appearance and content and can be used for health education activities for adults on the use of fluoride toothpaste for oral hygiene in children.

Iniciação científica, vivências acadêmicas e rendimento de graduandos em Odontologia e Medicina / Scientific mentorship, academic experiences and undergraduate performance of Dentistry and Medicine students

O Programa de Iniciação Cientifica (PIC) busca despertar a vocação e estimular o desenvolvimento do pensamento científico em graduandos, tendo sido identificado previamente que a participação no PIC institucional apresentou impacto positivo no coeficiente de rendimento (CR) de estudantes de Odontologia, o que não ocorreu com os de Medicina. Desta forma, desenvolveu-se o presente estudo observacional, que visa avaliar aspectos pessoais, contextuais e vocacionais das vivências acadêmicas que possam ter influenciado este achado. Participaram 123 alunos PIC, sendo 74 (60,2%) do curso de Odontologia (O) e 49 (39,9%) do curso de Medicina (M). A versão reduzida do Questionário de Vivências Acadêmicas (QVA-r com 54 questões e resposta em escala do tipo Likert) foi aplicada. Os dados foram tabulados e analisados utilizando-se o teste t de Student (α=5%). Os principais resultados apontaram que as dimensões carreira, estudo e institucional diferiram entre os grupos, com maiores pontuações médias para estudantes do curso de Medicina na dimensão carreira (M=4,1±0,6; O=3,8±0,4). Para os do curso de Odontologia, maiores pontuações médias foram observadas nas dimensões estudo (M=3,6±0,5; O=3,9±0,7) e institucional (M=3,7±0,2; O=4,1±0,2). Não houve diferença entre os cursos considerando as dimensões pessoal e interpessoal e o QVAr geral. Conclui-se que vivências acadêmicas diferenciadas podem ter influenciado o antagônico impacto do PIC no CR dos estudantes de Odontologia e Medicina (AU).

The Scientific Mentorship Program (SMP) seeks to foster vocational aims and encourage the development of scientific thought in undergraduate students, and participation in the program has been found to have a positive impact on the performance coefficient (PC) of Dentistry students, but not in students from the Medicine course. The present observational study was therefore conducted to identify the personal, contextual and vocational aspects of the academic experiences of Medicine and Dentistry students, which may have influenced this finding. A total of 123 students participated in the study, of whom 74 (60.2%) were from the Dentistry (D) course and 49 (39.9%) from the Medicine (M) course. The short version of the Student Academic Experience Questionnaire (or QVA-r) was applied (54 questions/Likert Scale responses). The data were tabulated and submitted to statistical analysis using the Student's t-test (α=5%). The main results revealed that the career, study and institutional dimensions differed between the groups, with higher mean scores obtained by the students of the Medicine course in the career dimension (M=4.1±0.6a; D=3.8±0.4b). Higher scores were obtained for students from the Dentistry course in the study (M=3.6±0.5 b; D=3.9±0.7a) and institutional (M=3.7±0.2 b; D=4.1±0.2a) dimensions. There was no difference between the courses in the personal and interpersonal dimensions, or in the overall QVAr score. It was concluded that different academic experiences may have influenced the contrasting impact of the SMP on the PC of the Dentistry and Medicine students (AU).

Ectopic Implantation of Hydroxyapatite Xenograft Scaffold Loaded with Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate or Osteodifferentiated Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Pilot Study in Mice.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the influence of bone marrow cells in the bone formation in an ectopic subcutaneous model in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Six BALB/c mice were divided into three groups of two each. In all groups, xenograft was implanted subcutaneously. In the negative control group, the xenograft was hydrated with saline solution. In the positive control group, the xenograft was embedded with osteodifferentiated adult mesenchymal stem cells derived from the bone marrow. In the experimental group, the xenograft was embedded with bone marrow aspirate concentrate. After 4 weeks, the animals were sacrificed and prepared for histologic, histomorphometric, and immunohistochemical analysis. The following tissues were evaluated: preosteoid tissue, loose connective tissue, and remaining xenograft particles. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference (P = .008) in the preosteoid tissue area between the negative control group (0 ± 0%) and the other two groups, with 42 ± 11% for the experimental group and 56 ± 5% for the positive control group. Similarly, there was a statistically significant difference (P = .006) in the loose connective tissue area between the negative control group (49 ± 18%) and the other two groups, with 3 ± 9% for the experimental group and 0 ± 0% for the positive control group. Regarding the xenograft area, there was not a statistically significant difference between the three groups (P = .143). CONCLUSION: The use of a mineralized scaffold loaded with either concentrated bone marrow aspirate or with osteogenically induced bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells favored the formation of osteoid tissue as opposed to the scaffold alone.

Impact of pedagogical method on Brazilian dental students' waste management practice.

The purpose of this study was to conduct a qualitative analysis of waste management practices among a group of Brazilian dental students (n=64) before and after implementing two different pedagogical methods: 1) the students attended a two-hour lecture based on World Health Organization standards; and 2) the students applied the lessons learned in an organized group setting aimed toward raising their awareness about socioenvironmental issues related to waste. All eligible students participated, and the students' learning was evaluated through their answers to a series of essay questions, which were quantitatively measured. Afterwards, the impact of the pedagogical approaches was compared by means of qualitative categorization of wastes generated in clinical activities. Waste categorization was performed for a period of eight consecutive days, both before and thirty days after the pedagogical strategies. In the written evaluation, 80 to 90 percent of the students' answers were correct. The qualitative assessment revealed a high frequency of incorrect waste disposal with a significant increase of incorrect disposal inside general and infectious waste containers (p<0.05). Although the students' theoretical learning improved, it was not enough to change behaviors established by cultural values or to encourage the students to adequately segregate and package waste material.

Suporte básico de vida e ressuscitação cardiopulmonar em adultos: conceitos atuais e novas recomendacões / Basic life support and cardiopulmonar ressuscitation for adults: latest guidelines and new recommendations

Compete ao cirurgião-dentista reconhecer as situações de emergência que colocam em risco a saúde e a vida de seus pacientes, instituindo medidas de pronto atendimento. Entretanto, muitos destes profissionais se sentem inseguros para lidar com tais situações, algumas delas tão críticas que cada segundo desperdiçado pode levar à piora do quadro clínico, inclusive com risco de morte. Este artigo tem por objetivo ressaltar a importância da capacitação do cirurgião-dentista em lidar com as emergências médicas, bem como apresentar as mais recentes diretrizes da American Heart Association em relação ao Suporte Básico de Vida e Ressuscitação Cardiopulmonar para pacientes adultos, complementadas pelas instruções de uso do desfiblilador automático externo.

Dentists are responsible for recognize and need to be prepared to deal with medical emergencies during dental procedures, which include the knowledge in basic life support (BLS), cardiopulmonar ressuscitation (CPR) and the use of an automated external deffibrilator (AED). This study guide is intended to give the reader a focused review of the importance of the training in BLS and CPR, informing the modifications of the latest guidelines of American Heart Association for adult patients.